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The serum insulin concentration for TC, LDL-C HDL-C, TG, creatinine, CRP, gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), total calcium, and albumin, and the plasma

diabetes-obesity-2015-10-26

The serum insulin concentration for TC, LDL-C HDL-C, TG, creatinine, CRP, gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), total calcium, and albumin, and the plasma

Blood Sampling & Laboratory Analyses

Blood samples were collected in the early morning (7.00–9.00 a.m.) after an overnight fast (12 h). The serum was assayed for TC, LDL-C HDL-C, TG, creatinine, CRP, gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), total calcium, and albumin, and the plasma was measured for glucose (Horiba ABX Pentra 400), and TSH (ARCHITECT ci8200, Abbott Diagnos[1]tics). The serum insulin concentration was determined using a sandwich ELISA method: Insulin: DRG MedTek, with intra-assay precision of 2.8–4.0%, and inter-assay precision of 2.6–3.6%; BCAAs were assayed using a colorimetric enzyme test (Kit Immundiagnos[1]tik AG, Bensheim, Germany for the in vitro determination of total BCAAs as a sum of L-leucine, L-isoleucine and L-valine in serum) with intra-assay precision of 4.2–5.5%, and inter-assay precision of 3.7–8.9%.

  • The EDTA blood samples were analyzed for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) using a Bio-Rad VARIANT
  • II turbo (HPLC). The HOMA-IR value was calculated by dividing the fasting
  • insulin concentration (mU/L) and the glucose concentration (mmol/L) by 22.5 [20].
  • The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the CKD-EPI creatinine equation.

A normal eGFR was defined as greater than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 [21]. The fatty liver index (FLI) was calculated using the following formula: FLI = (e0.953 × loge(triglycerides) + 0.139 × BMI + 0.718 × loge(GGT) + 0.053 × waist circumference − 15.745)/(1 + e0.953 × loge(triglycerides) + 0.139 × BMI + 0.718 × loge(GGT) + 0.053 × waist circumference − 15.745) × 100. High risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was defined as FLI ≥ 60 [22]. Albumin-corrected calcium was calculated using the formula: corrected calcium (mmol/L) = serum total calcium + 0.02* (40 − serum albumin (g/L) [23]. The study protocol was approved by the Bioethics Committee at the Nicolaus Coperni[1]cus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, and written informed consent was obtained from all the women. 2.3.

diabetes-obesity-2015-10-26 World Biomedical Frontiers

Statistical Analysis

The data were presented as means ± standard deviation SD (Gaussian distribution) or medians and 25th and 75th percentiles (non-Gaussian distribution). The Shapiro–Wilk test was applied to test the Gaussianity. The variables were compared using the Student’s t-test (Gaussian) or the Mann–Whitney U test (non-Gaussian). To test for the significance of dif[1]ference between two percentages or correlation coefficients we used the chi-square (Fisher) AA concentrations higher in the women with dysglycemia in comparison to those with normoglycemia

diabetes-obesity-2015-10-26 World Biomedical Frontiers

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7520588/